This book offers an in-depth exploration of the current state-of-the-art in geodesy, made possible by the precise global geodetic infrastructure. It covers a range of topics, including geodetic methodology, mathematical models, formulation, and problem-solving, providing a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical background and practical applications of the field. The book not only describes current capabilities but also identifies areas that could benefit from improvements in the geodetic infrastructure, as well as exploring potential future applications. The intended audience of the book includes graduate students, scientists, and engineers in the fields of geodesy, geophysics, surveying engineering, and geomatics. By following the principal directions of geodesy, the book provides readers with a solid foundation for understanding the principles of measurement and evaluation methods, allowing them to apply this knowledge to solve complex problems in the field. Finally, this book provides a valuable resource for anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of geodesy and its many applications.